Southern Peru has a long list of both natural and man-made wonders. Come for Machu Picchu, but depart with the memories of the beautiful places scattered across the high, southern altiplano: countless ruins, vibrant local communities, and natural wonders that will open your eyes to the beauty of Peru.
## Unveiling the Wonders of Southern Peru: A Comprehensive Exploration
Southern Peru, a land of ancient civilizations, breathtaking landscapes, and vibrant cultures, beckons travelers with its irresistible charm. From the enigmatic ruins of lost empires to the serene beauty of shimmering lakes, this region offers an unforgettable journey through time and nature. Allow us to guide you through the highlights of Southern Peru, ensuring an immersive and enriching experience that will leave you spellbound.
**Highlights: A Tapestry of Experiences**
Prepare to be captivated by the diverse array of attractions that Southern Peru has to offer. Imagine yourself exploring the archaeological wonders of Pisac, Chinchero, and Ollantaytambo, bathed in the soft glow of dawn or dusk. Witnessing these ancient sites come alive with the rising or setting sun is an ethereal experience, connecting you with the rich history of the Inca civilization.
For the adventurous souls, a multi-day trek to Machu Picchu is an absolute must. Traverse the majestic Andean passes, where the air is crisp and the scenery is simply awe-inspiring. This challenging yet rewarding journey will lead you to the iconic citadel, a testament to human ingenuity and architectural prowess.
Embark on a tranquil voyage across Lake Titicaca, the highest navigable lake in the world. Immerse yourself in the unique culture of the floating reed villages, where you can spend a night amidst the Uros people, learning about their traditions and way of life.
Descend into the depths of Colca Canyon, a geological marvel that dwarfs even the Grand Canyon in size. Marvel at the sheer scale of this natural wonder, where you can witness the graceful flight of Andean condors, the majestic birds that call this canyon home.
Encounter the resilient local communities that have persevered through centuries of change, enduring the attempts of both Spanish and Inca conquest. Discover their rich heritage, their traditional crafts, and their unwavering spirit.
**Overview: Crafting Your Southern Peru Itinerary**
To fully appreciate the wonders of Southern Peru, most travelers dedicate 1-3 weeks to exploring this fascinating region. A typical itinerary begins with 3-5 days in the Sacred Valley and Machu Picchu, delving into the heart of the Inca Empire. From there, you can easily connect to any of the other highlights via flight, rail, or land, tailoring your journey to your preferences and time constraints.
For shorter itineraries, convenient flights connect you to Arequipa and Puno, allowing you to quickly access the highlights of these destinations. However, if you have more time to spare, consider taking a scenic train or bus ride across the high altiplano, immersing yourself in the stunning landscapes and cultural richness of the region.
**Cusco Region: The Heart of the Inca Empire**
Cusco, the historical capital of the mighty Inca Empire, stands proudly at an altitude of 3400m. This city is a living testament to the exceptional skill of the Inca stonemasons, with numerous buildings still standing strong, often incorporated into Spanish colonial architecture. A leisurely stroll through Plaza de Armas, the city’s main square, offers a captivating glimpse into Cusco’s enduring splendor.
While in Cusco, be sure to explore the local churches, each with its own unique history and architectural style. Wander through the vibrant markets, especially San Pedro, where you can find a kaleidoscope of local produce, handicrafts, and souvenirs. Discover the city’s thriving art scene by visiting the numerous art galleries showcasing both traditional and contemporary works.
Indulge in the local cuisine, starting with lomo saltado, a delicious and popular beef dish. For the more adventurous palates, consider trying alpaca steak or guinea pig (cuy), both considered local delicacies. Quench your thirst with fresh-brewed coffee or chica, a refreshing corn beer that is a staple of the region.
After a few enriching days in Cusco, venture out to explore the highlights of the Cusco Region. A visit to Machu Picchu and the Sacred Valley is an absolute must, followed by a journey onwards to Puno and the captivating Lake Titicaca. The beauty of Southern Peru lies in its accessibility. You can reach almost any destination in the region from Cusco within a day, choosing from a range of transportation options including private transport, bus, train, or flight.
The Andean Explorer train, operated by Peru Rail, offers a luxurious and scenic journey between Cusco and Puno, the city closest to Lake Titicaca. This is an excellent way to soak in the stunning landscapes and enjoy a day of relaxed travel. If you’re planning a one-way trip, consider traveling from Puno to Cusco, as it is often significantly cheaper than the reverse route.
**Sacred Valley: A Tapestry of History and Nature**
Machu Picchu, the iconic lost city of the Incas, is undeniably the crowning jewel of the Sacred Valley. This deep river valley, sculpted by the powerful Urubamba River, is a treasure trove of ancient ruins, cultural significance, and breathtaking landscapes. The Sacred Valley held immense importance for the Incan Emperors, and its countless ruins and cultural sites reflect this profound heritage.
Conveniently located just an hour’s drive from Cusco, the Sacred Valley is perfect for day trips or, even better, an overnight stay in one of its charming villages. This allows you to fully immerse yourself in the valley’s beauty and explore its hidden gems at your own pace.
The ancient town of Ollantaytambo is well worth a visit and an overnight stay. This picturesque village boasts cobblestone lanes and impressive ruins that you can explore in the early morning before the crowds arrive. Across the valley, you’ll find the terraced salt mines at Salineras, a unique and visually stunning site.
For those seeking a more adventurous experience, consider embarking on one of the alternative routes to Machu Picchu, such as the Salkantay or Choquequirao trek. These challenging treks will lead you through miles of breathtaking mountain scenery, abundant flora and fauna, and remote landscapes.
If time is limited, three days is generally sufficient to experience the highlights of the Sacred Valley, including Machu Picchu. To make the most of your visit, try to spend at least one night in Ollantaytambo, a charming village with a rich history and stunning surroundings.
**Puno: The Folklore Capital of Peru**
Puno, often referred to as Peru’s “folklore capital,” is nestled along the shores of Lake Titicaca, the highest navigable body of fresh water in the world. This serene and beautiful city, located near the Bolivian border, offers a unique blend of ancient traditions and modern influences. A visit to Puno is an absolute must for anyone exploring the region.
Throughout the year, Puno hosts countless colorful parades and festivals, showcasing the region’s vibrant cultural heritage. If your visit coincides with February, prepare to be mesmerized by the elaborate masks and lively dancing of locals celebrating the annual Fiesta de la Candelaria, a truly unforgettable spectacle.
**Floating Reed Islands of Lake Titicaca: A Glimpse into an Ancient Way of Life**
Scattered across the shimmering surface of Lake Titicaca are hundreds of small, floating islands, each a testament to human ingenuity and resilience. These unique communities, inhabited by the Uros people, offer a fascinating glimpse into an ancient way of life. Visitors are welcomed to interact with the villagers and learn about their traditions and customs.
While many tourists visit these islands during the day, an overnight stay with a local family provides a truly immersive and authentic experience. Spending a night on one of the floating islands allows you to witness the beauty of the lake under the starlit sky and gain a deeper understanding of the Uros culture.
For the Uros people, who have inhabited these islands for centuries, reed is the most essential natural material for their survival. Everything, from their boats to their homes and even the artificial islands they live on, is constructed from this sturdy aquatic grass. The locals primarily sustain themselves through traditional fishing and weaving, and they are eager to share their knowledge and skills with visitors.
Reaching Lake Titicaca requires a bit of travel, with the shortest bus ride from Arequipa taking approximately six hours. However, the Andean Explorer train, which travels from Cusco to Puno, offers a much more comfortable and scenic alternative. This luxurious train journey includes a stop at a scenic viewpoint, a delicious lunch, and full service throughout the day. Keep in mind that tickets for the Andean Explorer train must be booked at least 15 days in advance.
**Arequipa: The White City**
Arequipa, often called the “white city” due to its stunning white stone buildings made from sillar, is a welcoming and tourist-friendly city surrounded by three impressive volcanoes. This cultural oasis boasts a unique atmosphere, blending Spanish colonialism with indigenous traditions.
No visit to Arequipa is complete without exploring the Plaza de Armas, the main city square. While it shares the same name as Cusco’s square, Arequipa’s Plaza de Armas has its own distinct charm, with white churches, swaying palm trees, and elegant fountains. Stroll through Convento de Santa Catalina, a fascinating neighborhood of charming streets and vibrant rainbow flowers.
For the adventurous, consider venturing out of town and attempting to climb one of the steep volcanic slopes. Arequipa is also renowned for its high-quality alpaca wool, which can be found in abundance at the city’s bustling markets.
Arequipa is easily accessible by air from Cusco or Lima. From Arequipa, you can take a day trip to Colca Canyon by bus, allowing you to experience the grandeur of this natural wonder.
**Colca Canyon: A Geological Masterpiece**
Colca Canyon, twice as deep as the Grand Canyon, is a premier destination in Southern Peru, offering a wealth of hiking trails and breathtaking vantage points. As you explore this awe-inspiring canyon, you’ll witness soaring Andean condors, marvel at the terraced fields clinging to the steep slopes, and gaze upon the snow-capped peaks that dominate the Peruvian Altiplano horizon.
Hiking around Colca Canyon is a challenging but rewarding experience. A trek to the Condor’s Cross landmark offers unparalleled views of the entire canyon and the surrounding valley. For the most pleasant weather and stunning natural views, plan your visit for late spring.
**Nazca Lines: An Enigma Etched in the Desert**
The Nazca Lines, one of the world’s great mysteries and a UNESCO World Heritage site, have captivated imaginations for centuries. Legend has it that an ancient culture created these massive geoglyphs in the desert sand as a form of communication with the heavens, depicting animals, insects, and geometric shapes.
To truly appreciate the scale and complexity of the Nazca Lines, they must be viewed from above. A short flight over the desert allows you to witness the geometric designs stretching for miles, wonderfully decorating the vast, barren landscape below.
When booking your flight over the Nazca Lines, it is essential to choose a reputable company to ensure your safety. The aircraft used for these flights are typically small and prone to turbulence, so if you are susceptible to motion sickness, consider taking anti-nausea medication beforehand.
**Paracas: Where Desert Meets the Sea**
Paracas, known for its spectacular wildlife and stunning coastline, has become a popular destination for both domestic and international tourists. The area surrounding the town is a unique blend of beach resort and wildlife refuge, offering a plethora of activities to keep you entertained.
Embark on a boat ride to the Ballestas Islands, often referred to as the “Poor Man’s Galapagos,” to witness vast colonies of seabirds, playful penguins, and noisy sea lions. Alternatively, venture into the interior and cruise across the expansive desert dunes in a dune buggy, experiencing the thrill of off-road adventure.
With easy bus access and a variety of hotels to choose from, Paracas is an excellent addition to any Peru excursion, offering a well-rounded and unforgettable experience.